After you have submitted the anatomy of the knee, we will see now some notions of how to operate this articulation, i.e. the biomechanics of the knee.
Knowing the functioning of the knee won't know for which there are structures that have a tendency to injure themselves, as is the anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus internal especially.
Particularities of the knee
the knee joint has to respond to two contradictory demands mecancicas: mobility, to allow displacement of the body and movements of all kinds, and stability, to support the body weight as well as the load on the phase of support from the start.
The biomechanics of the knee is particularly complex, due to the multitude of elements (ligaments, menisci, bony segments with very particular ways…) and to the demands for mobility and stability.
The knee is supported by some very bulky muscles, as is the quadriceps but also twins and femoral musculature (hamstring). The advantage of this is that train this muscularity as powerful aid to give consistency and firmness to the knuckle.
Although there are also frequent certain problems of muscle imbalance, where some muscles are stronger than others, and can cause problems for the alignment of the patella.
Behavior of the ligaments
The lateral ligaments (internal and external) limit the extension and the external rotation of the knee.
The cruciate ligaments (upstream and downstream) prevent them from separating the tibia and the femur. Favor the coaptation of the joint, that is to say, there is always fibers of these ligaments that are tense, to encourage that in the articulation remain close to the articular surfaces of the femur and tibia. Also limit the internal rotation of the knee
musculature of the knee
The knee musculature is covered by very bulky and powerful, that serves to give mobility but also stability to the joint. This has the advantage that a good muscle training helps protect the knee.
A powerful musculature, resistant, will help to alleviate the effort suffering from other more delicate structures, as are the bony segments, the menisci and, above all, the ligaments.
Knee injuries and their prevention
The most serious injuries of the knee usually occur by an indirect mechanism, i.e. a twist of the knee that causes rupture of the cruciate ligament, a bad support for the fall, a sharp turn of the body leaving the foot fixed on the ground…
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The ligament injuries require much recovery time as well as surgery. The musculature is that you can train for this strong, flexible and help protect the joint, but it is not possible to train the ligaments or meniscus, since they are passive elements, but they were the ones who suffer more injuries and more serious.
What can we do then? In addition to the training of the balanced musculature that affects the knee, we should not forget the type of proprioceptive training.
With this type of training are accustomed to the joints to quickly adapt to all kinds of demands: jumps, turns and twists, compressions, changes of address, imbalances… It is a way of ensuring that all elements are going to respond quickly and accurately when you have a situation of stress, as you can be a fall or a sharp turn.
In this way, our agency will be more prepared to respond to indirect mechanisms that can cause damage to a joint as sensitive as the knee. It is one way to minimize risks and help that, in case of injury, this is the less serious as possible.
We will continue our efforts to more topics of knee, talking about anatomy, biomechanics and typical lesions in the sport
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