We're going to start with the special on knee, one of the most important joints of the body and the most commonly injured in the sport. I'll start giving general information about the anatomy of the knee, to serve as a reference to frame other more specific topics (injuries, musculature that is involved in every movement, functioning of the knee… ).
The anatomy of the knee is quite complicated, due to the multitude of elements that form, both muscles and ligaments, menisci, bone elements with characteristic forms… Let introducing the topic little by little.
Bone elements from the knee joint
bones knee
the knee joint is composed of the epiphysis of the distal femur, proximal epiphysis of the tibia and patella.
Distal epiphysis of the femur: that is to say, the lower part of the femur. Formed by the two femoral condyles, rounded shape. There is between the two condyles cutout intercondilea that separates them from the back. In the sides of both condyles bone there are a few reliefs called epicondyles.
Ball Joint: located at the front of the knee, ahead of the femoral trochlea. Not shown in the picture. In the ball joint inserted the tendon of the quadriceps. Since the ball prior to the tuberosity of the tibia is the patellar tendon.
Proximal epiphysis of the tibia: is the top of the tibia, which is flattened, so that you receive the name of tibial plateau.
The picture shows a view from the front of a right knee. Appears the fibula (below left), but the fibula is not part of the knee joint
meniscus
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The femoral condyles have rounded shape, although they are not perfectly round. In addition, the tibial plateau is flat, with what the articular surfaces between femur and tibia are very different from one another, are unable to articulate the ways have very inconsistent.
The menisci favor the congruency between these very different articular surfaces. Fibrocartilage rings are wedge-shaped. The meniscus is a external-shaped almost closed, while the internal is not so closed.meniscus knee
Vision from the top of a right knee. To the left: internal meniscus. To the right: external meniscus.
Ligaments
on the inside of the knee:
anterior cruciate ligament: Os will sound so frequent that it is to be injured in sports such as soccer, skiing, contact sports, ends…
posterior cruciate ligament.
On the outside of the knee:
MCL.
Lateral collateral ligament.
Both lateral ligaments van from the epicondyles of the femur to the tibia. One makes it to the internal face, and the other, because of the external. In the knee ligaments there are more, but these are the more remarkable.
Muscles that act on the knee on the
quadriceps muscle is the main. It is the most voluminous, formed by four muscle bellies. Performs the knee extension movement.
The hamstrings,located in the back of the thigh (also known as femoral muscles or isquiosurales) are responsible for movement of flexion (bending the knee). They are mainly the femoral biceps, the semitendinosus and semimembranosus.
Video on the anatomy of the knee
you can see all this very well explained in the following video, which i would have liked to have had in my time of study anatomy… the video shows a model of a right knee.
Conclusion
The knee joint is a very complicated and that suffered a lot, both in the daily activity as in sport, where it is quite frequent to hurt yourself.
Anatomy has a very complex, much more than this brief outline that I propose to you.
However, I believe that presenting the topic serves as well to get an idea of the multitude of elements which make up this articulation, which has to bear all kinds of efforts, pressures, turns, twists either in the daily activity as when we do physical exercise.
In subsequent articles we'll talk more about the knee and their injuries. I hope you will be of interest.
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